Mexico is located in Central America. This region, especially in coastal and southern regions of the Americas is the most ancient civilizations in the seat. In 1521, before the Spanish rule in Mexico, Colombia, known as the former era, and here you have a highly developed culture and the Aztec Mayan culture, with unique local art. After the 16th century, these ancient civilization destroyed by the colonists, Mexican art at a low ebb. Mexico after independence, art also has shown new prosperity and development of the arts in the world made a more prominent position. Thus, the former Mexican art into Colombia times and the 16th century after the two stages.
Former Colombian era
This era is usually divided into classical period (2070 to 1500 AD 50), the classical period (50 ~ 650), after the classical period (650 ~ 1521). However, in all areas, there are times successively from, a variety show appearance.
Gulf Coast fertile tropical coastal region has experienced three completely different cultural prosperity : the Maya culture, Veracruz classical culture, Olmec culture.
Maya people living in the lowlands along the river Panuke, the earliest pottery culture began in the 12th century BC, has Pavon, Ponce, Aguilar, Panuke period. The former three stages 1, 2 and Panuke period pottery is typical of the period before the classical style. Panuke Nos. 3 and 4 of the classical period, pottery and art shows Aierdaxin Teotihuacán, and cultural ties. In Panuke section 5,6 period, a local style of the Maya period of prosperity. In the southern region found a large number of early architectural relic, is round, square and the horseshoe-shaped tombs and the cemetery building. These building with rough stone built above regular deep mortar, the fins on the Central American Common close to the format.
These areas belong to a number of ancient carving of Mexico’s most important works of art, such as those from tamuin young men statues and Panuke City of small statues, and Archi-Fort Rampart around the carving. Maya carved a variety of styles, the largest of which is characterized by wearing conical hats, women wearing neck similar to the decorative fans, hands crossed on his belly, are one pair of big ears. Although suggest, but more like light relief. Some also engraved with the letter symbols.
The Maya mural, the existing one is a black, red decorative geometric patterns of long ground, and its role unknown. Tamuin in a red cone painted on plaster on the altar of frescos, about four meters, the performance of 12 characters dressed in festive ranks, may belong to the works of the 11th century.
Panuke mainly found in section 6 of the black-and-white pottery is decorative patterns, in the form are also unique.
In addition the region also exquisite shell carving pendants and pulley small clay toy animals.
Veracruz region in the formation of the existence of a large number of clay products, such as the portrait described for obese people, animals, fruit sculptures, many of which have artistic value. These sit or stand in a portrait, have a very broad face, narrow eyes. There are some Remo Clinic clay statue being very realistic.
Classical period pottery and the performance of some of the contents of God, the most famous was known as the “smiling” statue. Thousands of these statues, figures and cheerful faces, arms open, it seems to be hugged each other. Classical and post-Classical period produced a series of excellent clay statue, which a lot of realism portrait. The stone classical period also reached a high level, known as the “conjugate” the horseshoe-shaped stone ceremonial ax Stephanopyxis palmeriana shape of stone and stone carving skills on the very superb in a variety of shapes carved stone harmonize with the decorative profile.
In the classical period Veracruz many cities, found a large quantity of the monument, carved, bas reliefs, particularly in the Vega-de la Torre, a ball game rock performance ball game defeat of the party as the scene of the murder of sacrifice. Palo in Temote alleging. City Aierdaxin most famous classical architecture in the shrine with the pyramid is divided into six layers, each floor with a square of niches in different light irradiation under mysterious changes. Square has 365 niches. This period also a lot of beautiful pottery products, such as the ritual from the island of pottery, large collections in the British Museum in Xalapa, Veracruz and regional museums.
The most important coastal areas from Rafah found the tower. Here is a highly developed culture and prosperity in the 1000 BC to 300 years ago, may be the birthplace of the Central American culture. By Olmec people had lived, the culture is also known as the Olmec culture. Olmec culture, including three key locations : Take the tower, tres zapotes, San Lorenzo? Tenuoai Ditelan. In such places found a large boulder head. The Olmecs were the architecture, sculpture, jade art is far better than other Central American contemporary culture, its artistic impact Yuanda Mexico and Guatemala in many places (see Olmec art).
The western region in the west of Colima, Nayarit, Jalisco an outstanding art pottery. In the classical period, which generated a lot of clay portrait, a large number of plant performance, seashells, fruit, animal carvings. Animals are the most common dog statue. These performance ceramics extensive people’s daily life, with the naturalistic style, rarely contain symbolism characteristics. Solid performance often carved into a group of people going ceremony or social activities. Just like women wearing skirts, men only as a Circuit loincloths. Statues often painted with colors, showing a very good job of pottery technology.
Colima sculpture considered to be the region most accomplished art. Performance of men and women of various solid and hollow statue features some vases. Colima sculptor longer capture the natural phenomenon : the performance of the world around things. Big vases of decorative patterns of plants, often contrast to the physical. General vase with brown clay production, surface grinders very light, red mud and black paint glaze decoration.
Colima ceramic portrait statue for Nayarit and Colima style slightly different, more comic approach, and the personalities of their hips, legs, feet sometimes significantly to be exaggerated, arms were to have been very small, many women become pregnant by the exaggerated look. Great characters mouth, the coil-shaped hair, arm and nose, ear ring wearing a lot of men and women have image. Seldom-carved sculpture, painted with bright colors Department.
As in Jalisco Tao processing, posture and the use of materials similar to Colima, torso and facial characteristics similar to another for Nayarit. The figures facial characteristics : both startling nature of the portraits, the eyes of the common soil piled up significantly from the eyes. Many of the statues sit, women often have senPeople breast fullness warrior hands as often sticks. The most famous of which is the format will face lying on the knee senPeople. Jalisco statue is polished charcoal or brown color, usually cream-colored and black decoration.
Jalisco ceramics : “playing”
Oaxaca region in Oaxaca mainly classical Zapotec culture and post-classical Mixteco culture. Zapotec culture very widespread, but is limited to explore Oaxaca Valley, mainly Al Malik called 911 and 10000 Hill. Al Hill section 10000 a Mesoamerican art by great impact; The first two have some new people move into the new art forms in the wall; No. 3 into classical period, the building cities, and there is a major pottery art (see Zapotec art).
In the late classical, Mixteco enter the area into a vibrant culture. Mixteco who know very little about the construction, no large stone or murals, only small works, such as ceremonial pottery and various accessories : necklaces, bracelets, rings, nose ornaments and so on. These ornaments are gold, silver, copper and alloys. Ancient Mexico, which is the most perfect metal products. Mixteco were a lot of embedded products, such as wooden end of turquoise mosaic, made of jade mask, the spearhead, helmets and shields, ornaments, carved in the obsidian, performance skeletons, statues, animals, vases. Mixteco left a lot of manuscripts, is the most beautiful manuscripts in the possession of the British Museum and Oxford Beidelaiang libraries and other places. Transcripts of the color-coated, no sense of perspective, color painting lovely, lively style. Characterization of some animals are very moving. Mixteco culture after culture of a huge impact, manuscripts style directly affects the Aztec people.
Pyramid of the Moon
Mexican culture in the valley of Mexico region is an important local cultural center, which is to investigate, identify the most places. Before the classical period, the Valley Cultural Center is Teladi Tlatelolco, not architectural monuments here, and there are large quantities of Olmec pottery and ceramics benefactors, the most prominent of which is smooth polished black pottery containers, causing fish, toads and dogs shapes. Pottery vase engraved often in abstract patterns, hand geometry or animals of the body. Sitting or standing pattern of the Olmec pottery portraits, dancers, shamans and women like to listen to, all painted with the colors of activities as a whole. Some of the tombs and animal masks.
The ancient city of Teotihuacán, in the classical period of prosperity, is the first city in Central America. There is a lot of pyramid building, the largest of which is the Sun Pyramid and Pyramid of the Moon. In addition to the plaza and grand palaces, the buildings also have some reservations about the rich color sense of decorative murals. Teotihuacán also produce large quantities of fine jade, turquoise masks and pottery, pottery the most unique pattern is a three containers, with generally gray and brown clay to make the surface, using a wet method, and a mural near Closionne decorative methods.
Teotihuacán three lines engraved pottery full image
Tugra, ADS is a valley north of the capital, after prospered in the classical period. ADS culture Teotihuacán largely by the city, but has its own dynamic and militant Shangwu cultural identity. Tugra greatest architectural feature of men like columns, carved columns and samurai side Serpentine Column. Sketching out of ADS-warrior image, but some stereotypes. Side-relief image of the samurai has vivid and exquisite. Snake-plume is out of the image of the snake pole : Haneda snakeheads in the ground, and drove the rear edge holding frame. Building walls are decorated with bas reliefs ranks of the samurai and rows of Jaguar, eagles and other decorative patterns intertwined with. Stone pillars supporting the building or the lobby, in front of the pyramid.
Tugra City the most outstanding is the rain god carved stone carvings Qiakemaer : spat side, knees, hands on his belly, carrying a container, a body are coated in a glossy color.
After the classical period from the second half until the Spanish conquest of the period, mainly for the valley is the status of the Aztec Empire. Tenuoai Ditelan the capital, they have the most outstanding sculpture and mature jade inlay, feathers and other technology products.
Guerrero, Oaxaca region in the upper reaches of the river, Meishikala River found a large number of stone, with stone axes Olmecs sacrifices Made shape, but with more features early, that the Olmec culture was the early stage. Mexican archaeologists M. Covarrubias be named “Meishikala Arts”, and that the Olmec art is the art of origin. These statue shows ranging from the simple ritual axes and sculptures between shapes : People very concise lines, geometric abstraction to the extent. These statues in the vicinity of large Meishikala River found that it is widely used in common ritual activities. These statues in the late 19th century, was found not to attract attention, the general view is too rough, simple, no aesthetic and archaeological value. But in the 20th century, 30 to 40 years, its “modern” abstract attracted the interest of artists.
In Balsas River, a large number of archaeological sites, including the formation of the Aztec era works of art, many of which are carved, the stadium construction and others entrusted with the works of art Welteke. Southern art show more Oaxaca region of the arts.
Michoacán regions Michoacán cultural areas to the central Lakes and the inflow of Guanajuato China asked the Lerma River Valley cultures. Guanajuato respite Chinese pottery unearthed in bottles and clay statues belonging to the formation works, smooth surface, in addition to one red glaze, white, black painted geometric patterns. Despite the small statues from their facial features and decorative figures can be seen on the lordship.
The classical elegance of the period of spherical clay cans, using a wet method and murals painted with figures of various colors and designs. Some forms of antiquity with the exotic decorative objects made of stone, Teotihuacán, and the pattern of the brazier with a form of ADS Qiakemaer like. Classical period architectural style is mainly Ekata style. This monument is the nature of the building with irregular stones neatly-brick and mortar not deposited, but the outside wall decorated with stone plaque. The most typical of the ancient capital Dalashikan construction, which may later times.
Dalashikan from the beginning, a lot of metal products, which are refined copper masks, gold or gold ornaments. The decorative bracelets, obsidian precious ornaments, and some also contain gold or turquoise. Yiwatexiao unearthed a sculpture, performance of a naked man with physical and favor the wolf god. Dalashikan unearthed pottery also features, some of which form rarely seen in Mexico.
After the 16th century
After the 16th century, Mexico mainly by Western art, to the 20th century frescoes in the emerging ethnic style.
The Spanish-Mexican art
The early 16th century, the first produced by the impact of Spain Spain-Mexican art. The first Spanish-Mexican art is the largest monastery buildings, such as Francis Hom and Ian Augustine monastery. The monastery is usually a single corridor, round dome, supporting wall, the polygon or semicircular hall. As for religious trial, for which the Office of the church at a very important position. The entire complex has defensive purposes, the commonly used tiles. The designers of this monastery is not monks but architects, built by local workers. The earliest architecture Huihexinge and Tepeiaka local monastery (1531 ~ 1570,1530), and Tugra other monasteries (1550).
The second half of the 16th century Spanish cultural renaissance period also affected colonial Mexico, which affects the monastery Merida and Puebla Cathedral, a civil Mexico City and the Pope of the Royal University (now the National University), Good Hospital building.
The 16th century Mexican painting more European style performance religious themes, mainly by Spain and Flanders impact. Carving basically as architectural features, from the local traditional influence.
17 ~ 19th century in Spain and Italy under the influence of art, into the 17th century Baroque art. The most famous of the Baroque architecture of the Mexico City Cathedral. Baroque period, the impact of European painting evident. Early yes J. de Rivera, Xuegeng Suerwalan mainly for the impact, the late P. P. Lu is the impact of the Andean, the most common B.E. Murillo also affected. Most of the construction carving ornamental.
Baroque to the resistance began in 1791, building homes, the sculptor M. Torsa design of Mexico City’s mining schools construction, with a clear structure characteristics. Since there tends to be a lot of classical architecture. Half of the 19th century period, under the influence of the European eclecticism, art shows no national character and creativity.
20th Century 1920s, Italy, France, Mexico, in home construction building to make a large contribution to a new Gothic style to a new form of art. They also trained a group of Mexican architects. Contemporary Mexico is a typical building of the University of Mexico City (1949 to 1957).
Mexican painting in the late 19th century emergence of new classical artists, but little impact. The early 20th century, during the revolution of the Mexican mural movement, there M. Segura, Nan Orozco, Siqueiros NANXIONG, D. Rivera as the great muralist, Mexican art in the art world has achieved the status that can not be ignored.
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